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An article in Volume 67, 2017 of Social Science Research examined the long-term consequences of youth volunteering, comparing voluntary versus involuntary service. "Drawing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we examine the long-term effects of youth volunteering on the civic and personal aspects of volunteers’ lives. Our results suggest that youth volunteering has a positive return on adult volunteering only when it is voluntary, and that net of contextual factors neither voluntary nor involuntary youth service has a significant effect on adult voting. Regarding personal outcomes, our findings indicate that the psychological benefits of youth volunteering accrue only to voluntary participants, whereas both voluntary and involuntary youth service are positively associated with educational attainment and earnings in young adulthood. Taken together, these results lend support to the case for youth volunteer programs, though the civic benefits of these programs appear to be less dramatic than generally suggested. Read more....
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A commentary on a research review published in the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity notes that the review concludes that "Current literature does not support evidence of a causal relationship between sedentary behaviour and adiposity in childhood and adolescents. This research acknowledges the complexity in measuring this association due to various exposure and outcome measures, and therefore supports the need for further research to establish if claims of “clear” associations are warranted. Results of this analysis identified small associations between screen-time and adiposity from cross-sectional studies. The review noted that associations were smaller in longitudinal designs and there were no associations found in studies using objective accelerometer measures of sedentary behaviour. Regarding intervention studies, modest impacts were identified. It was noted that isolating the impact of reductions in sedentary behaviour alone is difficult due to other influencing behaviour changes such as physical activity and improvements in diet. Furthermore, guided by the Bradford Hill criteria, the review found no evidence to support a causal association between sedentary behaviour and adiposity in youth, however a small dose-response association between variables exists. Read more...
(This item is among the 5-10 highlights posted for ISHN members each week from the ISHN Member information service. Click on the web link to join this service and to support ISHN) A health impact study done in the United States shows that The Every Student Succeeds Act Creates Opportunities to Improve Health and Education at Low-Performing Schools. In the health sector, health impact studies of different policies and laws in an increasing practice. This study shows that the new education act in the US, by making it easier to implement a healthy schools approach, would benefit student learning in schools in disadvantaged communities. "Studies consistently show a strong correlation between educational level and health over a lifetime, even after controlling for demographic characteristics such as income. Those with more education live longer and have a lower risk of chronic diseases, such as diabetes. However, about 1 in 6 U.S. public schools—more than 16,000—did not meet state standards for student achievement in the 2014-15 school year. The Health Impact Project, a collaboration of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and The Pew Charitable Trusts, conducted a health impact assessment (HIA) of how needs assessments and improvement plan strategies, including expanded family and community involvement, might affect achievement and related health outcomes across diverse student populations.he research reviewed by the HIA team suggests that several steps could be taken to improve needs assessments in low-performing schools. These steps are all consistent with approaches such as healthy schools, community schools and safe schools. Read more....
(This item is among the 5-10 highlights posted for ISHN members each week from the ISHN Member information service. Click on the web link to join this service and to support ISHN) Data from the 2015 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) show that students with higher grades are less likely than their peers with lower grades to participate in certain risk behaviors. Compared to students with lower grades (mostly D’s/F’s), students with higher grades (mostly A’s) are; Less likely to be currently sexually active, Less likely to drink alcohol before the age of 13 and Less likely to have ever used marijuana. While these results do not prove a causal link between academics and health, these associations are important because they confirm that across nearly all 30 health risk behaviors examined, students who reported engaging in unhealthy behaviors struggle academically. ISHN Comment: The caution in the report stating that higher grades and healthier behaviours is a correlation is a good one. A more convincing argument has been presented in the recent New Zealand study which shows that better academic scores are correlated with schools that have introduced a health promoting approach. Read more...
(This item is among the 5-10 highlights posted for ISHN members each week from the ISHN Member information service. Click on the web link to join this service and to support ISHN) A news story in the New York Times reports on how big business got Brazil hooked on Junk Food. As growth slows in wealthy countries, Western food companies are aggressively expanding in developing nations, contributing to obesity and health problems. "Nestlé’s direct-sales army in Brazil is part of a broader transformation of the food system that is delivering Western-style processed food and sugary drinks to the most isolated pockets of Latin America, Africa and Asia. As their growth slows in the wealthiest countries, multinational food companies like Nestlé, PepsiCo and General Mills have been aggressively expanding their presence in developing nations, unleashing a marketing juggernaut that is upending traditional diets from Brazil to Ghana to India." Read more...
(This item is among the 5-10 highlights posted for ISHN members each week from the ISHN Member information service. Click on the web link to join this service and to support ISHN) An analysis of Health Promoting Schools program in New Zealand shows clear educational benefits. According to a new release from the NZ government, "Independent analysis has found that the Health Promoting Schools service is having a hugely positive impact on student outcomes, Health Minister Jonathan Coleman says.Key findings in the analysis released today include that students in Health Promoting Schools have 29 per cent better reading performance, 60 per cent increased attendance and 42 per cent fewer stand-downs and or suspensions when compared to schools not participating." The full report notes that "To model the impact of the HPS approach on these outcome variables, the following indicators were used: HPS facilitator performance, HPS health and wellbeing rubric performance, degree of school involvement in the HPS service, school engagement and relationship with whānau, Educational Review Office (ERO) cycle category, and school decile." Using various multivariate modelling techniques, data was analysed and tested in relation to its structure (Structural Equation Modelling: SEM) Read More
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